Abstract
In this study, various composites of bioglass/gelatin/polycaprolactone (BG/GE/PCL) were produced and coated on the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS) to improve its bioactivity. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to characterize the specimens. The results showed that bioglass particles were distributed uniformly in the coating. By increasing the wt.% of bioglass in the nanocomposite coatings, the surface roughness and adhesion strength increased. The corrosion behavior of GE/PCL (PCL-10 wt.% gelatin coated on 316L SS) and 3BG/GE/PCL (GE/PCL including 3 wt.% bioglass coated on 316L SS) samples were studied in PBS solution. The results demonstrated that 3BG/GE/PCL sample improved the corrosion resistance drastically compared to the GE/PCL specimen. In vitro bioactivity of samples was examined after soaking the specimens for 7, 14 and 28 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results showed a significant apatite formation on the surface of 3BG/GE/PCL samples. The cell viability evaluation was performed using 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) tests which confirmed the enhanced cell viability on the surface of 3BG/GE/PCL samples. The in vivo behavior of specimens illustrated no toxicity and inflammatory response and was in a good agreement with the results obtained from the in vitro test.
Highlights
AISI 316L Stainless Steel implants has been extensively used as orthopedic implants, dental implants, and cardiovascular stents due to its suitable mechanical properties, workability, high corrosion resistance, chemical stability, and low cost [1]
There was a growth in both the surface roughness and the adhesion strength by increasing the amount of bioglass from 1 to 3 wt.%
We developed GE/PCL and BG/GE/PCL nanocomposite coatings on the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates by utilizing dip coating and electrospinning techniques
Summary
AISI 316L Stainless Steel implants has been extensively used as orthopedic implants, dental implants, and cardiovascular stents due to its suitable mechanical properties, workability, high corrosion resistance, chemical stability, and low cost [1]. Surface modification of 316L SS has been the topic of many research activities around the world [3,4,5] Several techniques such as chemical modification, ion implantation, anodic oxidation, Coatings 2020, 10, 1220; doi:10.3390/coatings10121220 www.mdpi.com/journal/coatings. PCL is hydrophobic and is considered as a nontoxic and biodegradable polymer with a slow degradation rate, significant toughness, and remarkable mechanical properties. It has several disadvantages if applied as a coating material alone, including insufficient strength and the lack of desired bioactivity [13,14,15]
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