Abstract
AbstractThis research was carried out to understand the nature of strike-slip Jhelum Fault zone and to propose a model for the surface to subsurface deformation pattern. Field data along with satellite images are used to construct the geological map. Moreover, the subsurface model has been proposed using the mechanism of dip-isogons in computer application which connects points of equal inclination or dip on the outer and inner bounding surfaces of a folded layers. The proposed geological map and subsurface model shows that the Jhelum Fault when propagated in the south from Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis forms a continuous shear zone on surface with some discontinuous exposure of splay faults rather than exposed as continuous discrete break. Likewise, the subsurface cross sections show that deformation along the fault zone is accumulated by splay faults from the main Jhelum Fault, which forms a positive flower structure with steep north-eastward dips, which is characteristics of strike-slip movement along Jhelum Fault Zone. The vertical stratigraphic throw along these faults shows small offsets and little east–west shortening, indicating that the major slip along the fault is strike slip.
Highlights
The study area is part of the Sub-Himalayas of North Pakistan which covers a part of north-eastern Potwar Plateau and some portion of Kotli District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) in the north of Mangla Dam (Fig. 1 a, b)
The aim of this research was to explore the probable existence of Jhelum Fault and surface to subsurface modelling with detailed structural mapping of the area at 1:25,000 scale, to understand nature and behaviour of Jhelum Fault zone with 3D structural modelling as previously done by Ghani et al 2018 in the case of Kohat Fold and thrust belt
Based on 3D modelling, it can be seen that the subsurface deformation is much complex, due to the presence of strike-slip shearing along the Jhelum Fault Zone, in addition to regional North–South collisional tectonics
Summary
The study area is part of the Sub-Himalayas of North Pakistan which covers a part of north-eastern Potwar Plateau and some portion of Kotli District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) in the north of Mangla Dam (Fig. 1 a, b). Ahmad et al (2004) mapped the proposed research area at 1:50,000 scale. According to their map, the Jhelum Fault is not exposed at surface in the research area. In this research the study area along Jhelum River is keenly investigated to clarify the surface exposure and nature of Jhelum Fault zone. The aim of this research was to explore the probable existence of Jhelum Fault and surface to subsurface modelling with detailed structural mapping of the area at 1:25,000 scale, to understand nature and behaviour of Jhelum Fault zone with 3D structural modelling as previously done by Ghani et al 2018 in the case of Kohat Fold and thrust belt. This research provides the updated geological map of the Potwar Plateau
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