Abstract

Abstract The phenomenon of surface magnetic reconstruction (i.e. a different orientation of the surface spins with respect to the bulk ones) is overviewed in the framework of mean-field theory as an area-preserving map, where the surfaces are introduced as appropriate boundary conditions. In this way, the nonuniform ground state both of semi-infinite systems and films, can be calculated very rapidly and with a great precision for a variety of magnetic models: (i) a uniaxial antiferromagnet in an applied magnetic field, a model able to describe Fe Cr (211) superlattices with antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling; (ii) a ferromagnet with enhanced surface exchange, and with a surface anisotropy favouring the spins to lie perpendicularly to the film surface, while the bulk anisotropy favours in-plane alignment, a model able to describe Gd(0001)/W(110) films.

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