Abstract
Diffraction of light in periodic structures is observed in a variety of systems including atoms, solid state crystals, plasmonic structures, metamaterials, and photonic crystals. In metamaterials, lattice diffraction appears across microwave to optical frequencies due to collective Rayleigh scattering of periodically arranged structures. Light waves diffracted by these periodic structures can be trapped along the metamaterial surface resulting in the excitation of surface lattice resonances, which are mediated by the structural eigenmodes of the metamaterial cavity. This has brought about fascinating opportunities such as lattice-induced transparency, strong nearfield confinement, and resonant field enhancement and line-narrowing of metamaterial structural resonances through lowering of radiative losses. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and implications of metamaterial-engineered surface lattice resonances and lattice-enhanced field confinement in terahertz metamaterials. These universal properties of surface lattice resonances in metamaterials have significant implications for the design of resonant metamaterials, including ultrasensitive sensors, lasers, and slow-light devices across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Highlights
Wood as resonant anomalies in grating structures [1]. It was later interpreted by Lord Rayleigh to be a diffraction order and is referred to as Rayleigh anomaly described by a simple one-dimensional grating equation [2,3]: Pna
The model does not include inter-unit cell coupling. These results demonstrate a unique phenomenon of inducing a narrow transparency peak, with Q-factors ranging from 25 to 91 extracted from Figure 5a
Sensing capabilities of surface lattice resonance (SLR) coupled to localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances of nanoparticles [67] as well as sensing capabilities of high-Q metamaterial resonances have already been reported [19,20,21,27]
Summary
If the real part of the SPP in-plane eigenfrequency dispersion curves from Equation (2) is below the vacuum light line while the imaginary part is negligible, this indicates a bounded surface wave or guided mode resonance They manifest as a broad resonance peak or dip, while Rayleigh anomalies are observed as sharp peaks/kinks in the transmission spectrum [32]. This indicates that due to the high conductivity of metals at THz frequencies, the properties of SLRs only depend on the dielectric that forms an interface with the metal This expression can be extended to periodically arranged metallic metasurfaces, as one key feature that metasurfaces have in common with gratings is their periodicity. We share an outlook on the role of lattice coupling in metamaterial devices which can greatly benefit from the more unique and advantageous properties of SLR effects
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