Abstract
The recently emerged coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has become a worldwide threat affecting millions of people, causing respiratory system related problems that can end up with extremely serious consequences. As the infection rate rises significantly and this is followed by a dramatic increase in mortality, the whole world is struggling to accommodate change and is trying to adapt to new conditions. While a significant amount of effort is focused on developing a vaccine in order to make a game-changing anti-COVID-19 breakthrough, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is also developing mutations rapidly as it transmits just like any other virus and there is always a substantial chance of the invented antibodies becoming ineffective as a function of time, thus failing to inhibit virus-to-cell binding efficiency as the spiked protein keeps evolving. Hence, controlling the transmission of the virus is crucial. Therefore, this review summarizes the viability of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces under different conditions while addressing the current state of known chemical disinfectants for deactivation of the coronaviruses. The review attempts to bring together a wide spectrum of surface–virus–cleaning agent interactions to help identify material selection for inanimate surfaces that have frequent human contact and cleaning procedures for effective prevention of COVID-19 transmission.
Highlights
Having their first examples observed as zoonotic types of viruses back in the 1960s, the term coronavirus covers a broad range of respiratory virus family, which is responsible for various diseases, showing a variety of symptoms like mild and common cold while in certain situations severe respiratory syndromes can be observed as a consequence of contact with that virus family [1,2]
As the world struggles to find a vaccine or an effective 10 drug in order to overcome this threat as a whole, these goals are still quite far away from reality as we have so much to develop with respect to these concepts
This review focuses on viability of the coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces since they are crucial and frequent vectors of transmission as well as this knowledge sheds light on the disinfectant chemicals reported in previous studies in order to inhibit the infection ability of the coronaviruses
Summary
Having their first examples observed as zoonotic types of viruses back in the 1960s, the term coronavirus covers a broad range of respiratory virus family, which is responsible for various diseases, showing a variety of symptoms like mild and common cold while in certain situations severe respiratory syndromes can be observed as a consequence of contact with that virus family [1,2]. The droplet and airborne transmission are reported to be one of the major ways for the virus to spread and usage of personal protective equipment is the mainly adopted way to prevent the spread of the COVID-19, eliminating the presence of the coronavirus from the surfaces that we interact on a daily basis. This review focuses on surfaces that pose a risk to became vectors in terms of transmitting coronavirus, how long the virus can survive on different surfaces and interaction of the coronavirus and different material types as well as cleaning agents for optimized removal of the coronaviruses It elucidates how metallic nanoparticles, antiviral drugs and nanotechnological approaches can be used to reduce the transmission rate of infection and prevent any future outbreaks
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