Abstract
ABSTRACT Since groundwater and surface waters are important components of the hydrological system, determining their interaction is essential for the efficient management of water resources by predicting the consequences of interference, whether due to the growth of demand or due to climate change. However, integrated scientific studies on these water resources are scarce, including in the Guariroba’s Environmental Protection Area, responsible for supplying 31.3% of the Campo Grandem/MS’s population, representing a local water security element. Thus, this work had as objective to evaluate the interaction between surface-groundwater in an unconfined sedimentary aquifer system, based on hydrograph separation methodologies of base flow, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) analysis, Master Recession Curve (MRC) evaluation and verification of the relationship between the surface flow, piezometric levels (PL) of the wells and the monthly precipitation. The results indicates a proportional relationship between rainfall, superficial flow and PL variations; the FDC smooth slope suggests that the baseflow is sustained by the groundwater discharge, corresponding to 89% of the total flow; the low-flow index indicates that the groundwater’s storage capacity is about 80%; the Base-Flow Index (BFI) ranging from 0.804 to 0.921, indicates a stable flow regime, aquifer’s high permeability conditions, though not uniform, and low runoff.
Highlights
The management of water resources in a river basin is carried out by disregarding the interactions between the groundwater and superficial water, evaluating and studying them separately, as well as proposing independent protection policies
The delay time variation may be due to the influence of direct and indirect factors, among them the time period that parcel of the rainfall that infiltrates takes to cross the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, the hydraulic properties variation of the soil and aquifer; the piezometric level and the climate (MATTIUZI et al, 2016; ABO; MERKEL, 2015b; WINTER, 1998)
The results demonstrates that there was an increase in the base flow contribution in the second year of the research, reflecting the higher rainfall and, greater groundwater storage and discharge
Summary
The management of water resources in a river basin is carried out by disregarding the interactions between the groundwater and superficial water, evaluating and studying them separately, as well as proposing independent protection policies. The other form of interaction consists of the discharge of the groundwater to the superficial flow, denominated base flow, when the saturated zone level is higher than the streamflow level (ZHAO et al, 2018; LI et al, 2016; ABO; MERKEL, 2015a; WINTER, 1998; BEVANS, 1986). This relationship between surface and subsurface water is associated with the concept of aquifer recharge as being an essential component of the water balance, whose discharge as a base flow is characteristic of wet climate and controlled by the hydraulic gradient between the surface water level and groundwater level (MILANO et al, 2015; ASSEFA; WOODBURY, 2013; BAKKER; BARTHOLOMEUS; FERRÉ, 2013; HEALY; SCANLON, 2012; GÓMEZ; RODRÍGUEZ; VIVES, 2010; BALOOCHESTANI, 2008; NIMMO; HEALY; STONESTROM, 2005; DE VRIES; SIMMERS, 2002)
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