Abstract
Fatigue surface crack growth and in-plane and out-of-plane constraint effects are studied through experiments and computations for the aluminum alloy D16T. A tension/bending central notched plate and cruciform specimens under different biaxial loadings with external semi-elliptical surface cracks are studied. The variation of the fatigue crack growth rate and surface crack paths is studied under cyclic tension, bending and biaxial tension–compression loading. For the experimental surface crack paths in the tested specimens, the T-stress, out-of-plane Tz factor, local triaxiality parameter h and the governing parameter for the 3D-fields of the stresses and strains at the crack tip in the form of the In-integral are calculated as a function of the aspect ratio by finite element analysis to characterize the constraint effects along the semi-elliptical crack front. The plastic stress intensity factor approach is applied to the fatigue crack growth on the free surface, as well as at the deepest point of the semi-elliptical surface crack front, of the tested tension/bending plate and cruciform specimens. From the results, characteristics of the fatigue surface crack growth rate as a function of the loading conditions are established.
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