Surface Defects Classification of Hot-Rolled Steel Strips Using Multi-directional Shearlet Features

Abstract

In this paper, a method combining the use of discrete shearlet transform (DST) and the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is presented to classify surface defects of hot-rolled steel strips into the six classes of rolled-in scale, patches, crazing, pitted surface, inclusion and scratches. Feature extraction involves the extraction of multi-directional shearlet features from each input image followed by GLCM calculations from all extracted sub-bands, from which a set of statistical features is extracted. The resultant high-dimensional feature vectors are then reduced using principal component analysis. A supervised support vector machine classifier is finally trained to classify the surface defects. The proposed feature set is compared against the Gabor, wavelets and the original GLCM in order to evaluate and validate its robustness. Experiments were conducted on a database of hot-rolled steel strips consisting of 1800 grayscale images whose defects exhibit high inter-class similarity as well as high intra-class appearance variations. Results indicate that the proposed DST–GLCM method is superior to other methods and achieves classification rates of 96.00%.