Abstract
Owing to sparse observations, terrain misrepresentations, and complicated interactions between the atmosphere and complex terrain , numerical prediction of near-surface atmospheric conditions and surface data assimilation over mountainous regions present particularly challenging problems. With studies and results obtained from a recent field program, Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) , for both model evaluation and data assimilation, this chapter provides an overview and sample of these problems and challenges. Forecast evaluation for the mesoscale community Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF ) model and results from an ensemble Kalman filter method for assimilating surface observations are presented.
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