Abstract
This work addresses the issues associated with implant surface modification. We propose a method to form the oxide film on implant surfaces by dry turning to generate heat and injecting oxygen-rich gas at the turning-tool flank. The morphology, roughness, composition, and thickness of the oxide films in an oxygen-rich atmosphere were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, optical profiling, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Electrochemical methods were used to study the corrosion resistance of the modified surfaces. The corrosion resistance trends, analyzed relative to the oxide film thickness, indicate that the oxide film thickness is the major factor affecting the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Turning in an oxygen-rich atmosphere can form a thick oxide film on the implant surface. The thickness of surface oxide films processed at an oxygen concentration of 80% was improved to 4.6 times that of films processed at an oxygen concentration of 21%; the free corrosion potential shifted positively by 0.357 V, which significantly improved the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys in the SBF. Therefore, the proposed method may (partially) replace the subsequent surface oxidation. This method is significant for biomedical development because it shortens the process flow, improves the efficiency, and lowers the cost.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are passivated metals
Poon et al [10] used plasma-immersion ion implantation (PIII) to implant oxygen ions into the NiTi alloy and formed a layer of titanium dioxide on the surface, which significantly improved the corrosion resistance and reduced the amount of Ni ions that were released into body fluids
Cigada et al [11] fabricated an oxide film by anodizing TC4 inside an H3PO4 bath. This film significantly reduced the release of metal ions from the titanium base due to dissolution and improved the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy in the simulated body fluid (SBF)
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are passivated metals. The passivation film on the surface is very stable and has excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility in oxidizing, neutral, and weakly reducing media [1]. Poon et al [10] used plasma-immersion ion implantation (PIII) to implant oxygen ions into the NiTi alloy and formed a layer of titanium dioxide on the surface, which significantly improved the corrosion resistance and reduced the amount of Ni ions that were released into body fluids. Cigada et al [11] fabricated an oxide film by anodizing TC4 inside an H3PO4 bath This film significantly reduced the release of metal ions (e.g., titanium, aluminum, and vanadium) from the titanium base due to dissolution and improved the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Oxygen tank method to test the corrosion resistance of the coating in buffered physiological solutions Their results showed that the titanium dioxide thin film effectively improved the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloys. An analysis of the corrosion mechanism of the titanium alloys in the SBF was conducted
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