Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been implemented in a wide range of commercial products, resulting in their unregulated release into aquatic as well as terrestrial systems. This raises concerns over their impending environmental effects. Once released into the environment, they are prone to various transformation processes that modify their reactivity. In order to increase AgNP stability, different stabilizing coatings are applied during their synthesis. However, coating agents determine particle size and shape and influence their solubility, reactivity, and overall stability as well as their behavior and transformations in the biological medium. In this review, we attempt to give an overview on how the employment of different stabilizing coatings can modulate AgNP-induced phytotoxicity with respect to growth, physiology, and gene and protein expression in terrestrial and aquatic plants and freshwater algae.
Highlights
Among a variety of applied nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) attract a lot of attention due to their prominent antimicrobial effects
In algae C. vulgaris, inhibitory effects of differently coated AgNPs were compared by measuring chlorophyll content, and the results showed that polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated AgNPs had the least effect, whereas AgNP-PVP and
Surface coating-determined AgNP properties play an important role in AgNP uptake and modulate their effects on germination and development in plants
Summary
Among a variety of applied nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) attract a lot of attention due to their prominent antimicrobial effects. They have been implemented in a wide range of commercial products such as industrial, household, and healthcare-related items, medical devices, textiles, food packaging, optical sensors, and cosmetics [1,2]. Studies have shown that after release into the environment, AgNPs can undergo numerous transformation reactions These transformations include slow oxidative dissolution by O2 and protons, reactions with sulphide, chloride, and organic matter [8,9,10] as well as adsorption of polymers or proteins [6,11]. A few studies performed on freshwater algae have investigated AgNP influence on oxidative stress induction [21,25] and protein expression [21,28,29]
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