Abstract
The emission of harmful elements from burning building ceiling materials and their attendant health effects on inhabitants within the vicinity of the emitted harmful elements is increasingly becoming a source of concern globally. Hence, the need to develop eco-friendly flame-retardant composite materials suitable for house ceiling purposes to forestall unwanted toxic emissions. This work identified the chemical structure of developed composite products and their emission performance during combustion. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was used for phase quantification and E550 combustion gas analyzer for emission characterization of the developed composites. Thermolyne 950 °C oven was employed for the combustion analysis of the prepared composite at 500 °C. Quasi negligible SO2 and CO2 levels existed, while A4, 0.3Aldr0.23Cmt0.3Si0.05G0.12CS recorded maximum CO level, indicating toxic affluence. The low mass losses of all composite materials, especially for A2, 0.6Aldr0.34Cmt0.05G0.01OBSretard significantly due to its activities by the retardant constituent. The flame retardant nature of all produced composites was evidenced in their elemental composition. There was an absence of a flammable element and stable insulating compounds providing retardance to flame occurrences. These suppressions in flame inclination of the reinforced materials were noticed within the boundaries of the ceiling crystals from the structural examination. The intermetallic phase from the diffraction intensities showed the presence of a significant second bond interstitial solid-phase across the matrix, especially for 0.6Aldr0.34Cmt0.05G0.01OBS ceiling material. This study has established the eco-friendliness of developed building ceiling composite and the potential to reduce the importation of building ceilings. The developed ceiling composite evidently demonstrated high potential to compete favourably with imported ceiling materials in terms of fire resistance performance, low cost of production, and abundant availability of raw materials in the environment. Oil beanstalk is a novel material introduced as a reinforcement to developed building ceiling composite. This research provides a blueprint for manufacturers, construction and allied industry, and stakeholders in developing eco-friendly flame retardant composite ceilings whose materials can be readily sourced locally available in the environment.
Highlights
The chemical composition of materials tells a lot about its performance and lifecycle [1]
This paper investigated the influence of chemical composition on the emission and thermal weight loss of developed aluminium dross ceiling tiles
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was employed for phase quantification, Emission Gas Analyzer for emission analysis, Thermolyne Oven for combustion and mass loss investigation of the developed samples
Summary
The chemical composition of materials tells a lot about its performance and lifecycle [1] It is seen in equipment and structure where an evidenced corrosion and structural failures are pointers to its microstructural influence [2]. Some materials possess flame inhibiting characteristics as could be seen in the elements that constitute the compounds [6] These can be found in industrial and agricultural wastes when combined to form a composite for structural applications. For instance, have Al2O3 as its primary compound, while SiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, SO3, CaO, TiO2, and Na2O are its secondary constituents [8]. These compounds are flame retardants in characteristics. Outstanding among the elements in cement are lime, calcium oxide, silica, and alumina [9,10,11]
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