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Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine the surface chemistry of a variety of Pu(IV) compounds, including PuO 2 and Pu(OH) 4. The Pu 4f, O 1s and C 1s binding energy regions were line shape fit to unequivocally demonstrate that multiple species are present. Surface hydroxyls were ubiquitous in all PuO 2 samples exposed to H 2O vapor or ambient air, and persisted with heating to 590 °C. Active surface sites for the reaction of H 2O and other small molecules and spectral features consistent with pure stoichiometric PuO 2 can be regenerated by thermal energy or by effects of a radiation field. Evidence of higher valence Pu species was observed in some treated samples with the formula PuO 2+ x .
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