Abstract
An analytical solution for the distribution of surface charge on a dielectric sphere due to the presence of an external point charge is presented. This solution describes how charge on the surface of the sphere is polarised in the electric field into regions of negative and positive charge. The polarisation effect (distribution of surface charge) generally varies with the separation between the sphere and the charge, and it is particularly significant at very short separations. Results obtained from the classical electrostatic model are in qualitative agreement with density functional theory calculations of charge separation in C60 and C240 fullerenes in the presence of an external point charge. This suggests that, from an electrostatic point of view, in the static electric field of external charges these molecules exhibit dielectric behaviour.
Highlights
An understanding of the electrostatic properties of dielectric materials has important consequences for many industrial processes and procedures
In an earlier publication,[4] an analytical solution to the classical problem describing how charged particles of dielectric materials interact with one another was presented
Using this solution it has been possible to explain why like-charged particles of dielectric materials could attract one another, and to show that such attraction arises from a mutual polarisation of bound charge on the interacting particles due to an electric field generated by the particles.[5]
Summary
An understanding of the electrostatic properties of dielectric materials has important consequences for many industrial processes and procedures. The results obtained by the classical electrostatic analysis are compared with the distribution of surface charge density in C60 and C240 fullerenes computed using density functional theory (DFT).
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