Surface charge control of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate)-based membrane for improved fouling resistance

Abstract

• P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) was synthesized and blended with polysulfone UF membrane. • Blend PSF-PMD membrane was quaternized to increase surface positive charge. • Membrane was grafted with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate for surface neutralization. • Neutralization resulted in comprehensive anti-fouling smooth membrane surface. • Surface charge control is simple and effective to mitigate membrane fouling. In this study, a new poly(methyl methacrylate-co-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (P(MMA-co-DMAEMA))-based membrane was fabricated and modified to control surface charge in order to improve fouling resistance. The positively-charged P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) copolymer was first synthesized from the free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The copolymer was blended with polysulfone and cast into a membrane via nonsolvent-induced phase separation. The membrane was then quaternized using iodomethane and neutralized by grafting 2-carboxylethyl acrylate via UV irradiation. The membrane surface charge, composition, morphology, hydrophilicity, and anti-fouling properties were evaluated. Surface charge control of the membrane resulted in outstanding antibacterial activity and fouling resistance against model protein foulants. While the incorporation of P(MMA-co-DMAEMA) in the membrane and its quaternization greatly improved the surface hydrophilicity of the membrane and endowed positive surface charge as well. Neutralization of the blend membrane endowed a smooth and electroneutral surface layer on the membrane surface, which led to not only excellent anti-bacterial activity and comprehensive resistance against charged foulants, but also high flux retention after simple membrane washing. Dynamic filtration using protein and bacterial foulants revealed the ability of the membrane with almost zero net surface charge to regulate fouling even in practical filtration applications. The results in this study exhibit a simple and effective method for mitigation of membrane fouling propensity for practical application.