Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that cooperative cellular interactions may occur in amphibia in response to heterologous erythrocytes (RBC) or hapten-carrier (TNP-RBC) conjugates (1). In addition, the immune armament of the amphibia consists of a variety of cell types distinguishable by their location (2), by differences in their surface immunoglobulin (Ig) (3), their response to mitogens (4), and differences in bouyant density and size (5). Thus there is both functional and physical evidence for the involvement of a spectrum of cell types analogous to those found in mammalian systems. Since cell-cell cooperation has been shown to play a key role in the immune response of birds (6) and mammals (7) it is likely that further study of this phenomenon in lower vertebrates will aid in understanding the ontogeny and phylogeny of this important interaction. Fundamental to this understanding is the necessity for a clear definition of the participating cell types.
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