Abstract
The present study reported the development of a duplex coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloys plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) followed by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) process. The PEO was carried out in an optimal coating condition in an electrolyte containing Ca/P with various concentrations of silver (Ag) nanoparticles. The osteointegration of the Ag-doped TiO2 layer was enhanced by providing a hydroxyapatite (HA) top layer by the RF-MS process for two different treatment times. The morphology, chemical, and phase composition of the duplex coatings were studied in detail to understand the formation mechanism of the coating. The PEO process with metal ion doping modified the structural and physiochemical behavior of the oxide system. Anatase to rutile transformation rate was enhanced with an increase in the dopant concentration. The Ag doping-induced structural changes in the TiO2 lattices resulted in enhanced nanomechanical properties. Ag doping improved the antibacterial efficiency but only marginally affected the cellular response. The Ag doping and subsequent HA deposition produced a passive layer with superior barrier properties. The low elastic modulus, hydrophilic HA top layer enhanced the cell proliferation, ameliorates the slightly negative impact of Ag on cell viability.
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