Surface Characteristics and Cell Adhesion Behaviors of the Anodized Biomedical Stainless Steel

Heng-Jui Hsu,Chia-Yu Wu,Bai-Hung Huang,Takashi Saito,Pei-Wen Peng,Yen-Chun Chuo,Chi-Hsun Tsai,Keng-Liang Ou,Kuan-Ling Lin

doi:10.3390/app10186275

Abstract

In this study, an electrochemical anodizing method was applied as surface modification of the 316L biomedical stainless steel (BSS). The surface properties, microstructural characteristics, and biocompatibility responses of the anodized 316L BSS specimens were elucidated through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and in vitro cell culture assay. Analytical results revealed that the oxide layer of dichromium trioxide (Cr2O3) was formed on the modified 316L BSS specimens after the different anodization modifications. Moreover, a dual porous (micro/nanoporous) topography can also be discovered on the surface of the modified 316L BSS specimens. The microstructure of the anodized oxide layer was composed of amorphous austenite phase and nano-Cr2O3. Furthermore, in vitro cell culture assay also demonstrated that the osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) on the anodized 316L BSS specimens were completely adhered and covered as compared with the unmodified 316L BSS specimen. As a result, the anodized 316L BSS with a dual porous (micro/nanoporous) oxide layer has great potential to induce cell adhesion and promote bone formation.

Highlights

Type 316L biomedical stainless steel (BSS) has been used widely in orthopedic implants and bone plates due to its lower cost, higher fracture toughness, superior manufacture properties, accepted biocompatibility, and having the most anti-corrosion properties when in direct contact with biologicalAppl
Tonino et al [17] have indicated that the formation of a porous oxide layer on the surface of the 316L BSS implants can be utilized in the morphological fixation of the implants to bone through bony ingrowth into the porous microstructure
No porosity feature can be found on the specimen surface, while a porous structure was observed on the 316L BSS surface following various modified voltages, as shown in Figure 2b was observed on the 316L BSS surface following various modified voltages, as shown in Figure 2b through Figure 2d

Summary

Introduction

Type 316L biomedical stainless steel (BSS) has been used widely in orthopedic implants and bone plates due to its lower cost, higher fracture toughness, superior manufacture properties, accepted biocompatibility, and having the most anti-corrosion properties when in direct contact with biologicalAppl. Type 316L biomedical stainless steel (BSS) has been used widely in orthopedic implants and bone plates due to its lower cost, higher fracture toughness, superior manufacture properties, accepted biocompatibility, and having the most anti-corrosion properties when in direct contact with biological. Sci. 2020, 10, 6275 fluid [1,2,3]. BSSs have several disadvantages for use in fracture care such as allergic reactions to the nickel element and a higher modulus of elasticity that causes stress shielding and bone loss, etc. Tonino et al [17] have indicated that the formation of a porous oxide layer on the surface of the 316L BSS implants can be utilized in the morphological fixation of the implants to bone through bony ingrowth into the porous microstructure

Methods

Results

Conclusion