Surface area‐enhanced flower‐shaped hair protein‐supported palladium nanoparticles as sono‐photocatalyst towards carbon–carbon bond forming reaction

Abstract

The present work has successfully highlighted the synthesis of HHP/Pd nano‐sized particles carried out by using hair protein as a capping/stabilizing/reducing agent. Morphology of HHP@Pd nanoparticle was analysed by XRD, SEM, XPS, BET, TGA, TEM, EDX, FT‐IR and zeta potential. TEM image of HHP/Pd nanoparticles, flower shape at the average size of 3.4 nm, was observed. Additionally, we investigated the catalytic property of HHP/Pd nanoparticles in the Suzuki coupling (CC) reaction which is considered to be the most important coupling reaction in terms of organic synthesis. The reaction was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Here, we synthesized several types of coupling derivatives by various substituted boronic acids. The synthesized compounds were further confirmed using 1H, 13C NMR and HR‐MS analysis. The catalyst shows high catalyst activity to Suzuki coupling reactions under moderate responses. For all reactions, the HHP/Pd nanoparticle catalyst displayed excellent catalytic activity (>90%) with a wide range of substrates and provided five recycling runs without loss of activity.