Abstract
Two binary biodegradable Mg-alloys and one ternary biodegradable Mg-alloy (Mg-0.3Ca, Mg-5Zn and Mg-5Zn-0.3Ca, all in wt%) were investigated. Surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses (XPS) of the alloy surfaces before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed. The XPS analysis of the samples before the immersion in SBF revealed that the top layer of the alloy might have a non-homogeneous composition relative to the bulk. Degradation during the SBF immersion testing was monitored by measuring the evolution of H2. It was possible to evaluate the thickness of the sample degradation layers after the SBF immersion based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tilted sample. The thickness was in the order of 10–100 µm. The typical bio-corrosion products of all of the investigated alloys consisted of Mg, Ca, P and O, which suggests the formation of apatite (calcium phosphate hydroxide), magnesium hydrogen phosphate hydrate and magnesium hydroxide. The bioapplicability of the analyzed alloys with regard to surface composition and degradation kinetics is discussed.
Highlights
Artificial materials considered to be suitable for applications as implants are commonly tested in vivo and by in vitro methods in media that simulate body fluids
This is most likely due to Ca+ and HCO3 − ions from the simulated body fluid (SBF) forming calcium carbonate that is deposited onto the sample surface
Two binary biodegradable Mg-alloys and one ternary biodegradable Mg-alloy (Mg-0.3Ca, Mg-5Zn and Mg-5Zn-0.3Ca, all in wt%), X03, Z5 and ZX50, respectively, in solid-solution state were investigated before and after in vitro bio-corrosion immersion tests in SBF
Summary
Artificial materials considered to be suitable for applications as implants are commonly tested in vivo and by in vitro methods in media that simulate body fluids. These tests are focused on an examination of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the materials and provide the basic information needed to judge their suitability for clinical use in the human body [1]. Magnesium-based biodegradable alloys are gaining importance as temporary implant materials in orthopedic applications [2,3,4] Their elastic properties are similar to those of bones, and their in vivo biodegradability through corrosion makes them candidates for different biomedical applications such as biocompatible, osteoconductive, degradable implants for load-bearing and bone repairing [5].
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