Abstract

The surface alloy formation during Cd underpotential deposition (upd) on Au(100) in sulfuric acid solution was investigated by means of long-time polarization experiments and in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). The dynamics of the surface alloying were found to depend on polarization conditions and to compete with surface diffusion and further adsorption processes. A turnover mechanism is proposed for the surface alloying process that was observed to take place mainly on the terraces. For long polarization times, the extent of 2D alloy formation into the surface is governed by solid-state diffusion of either Cd or Au through the alloyed phase. The time dependence of the surface phase stability and composition, which was formed at a certain potential in the upd region, is discussed in thermodynamic terms derived for the surface.

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