Abstract
ABSTRACT The synthesis of new water soluble nonylphenol poly(ethylene carbonate) surfactants derived from nonylphenol ethoxylated (NP(EO)10), ethylene oxide (EO), and carbon dioxide was carried out in high yields in the presence of K2SnO3 as a basic catalysts. Synthesis reactions were carried out in a stainless-steel reactor at 175°C at an initial pressure of 800 psi for a 24 h-period. Surfactants were characterized by FTTR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The percentages of carbon dioxide incorporation obtained were between 5.8 and 10.9, depending on the starting molar ratio of NP(EO)10:EO:CO2. CMC values, as well as cloud points decreased with the molar ratio CO2/EO, indicating a reduction of hydrophilic character of the surfactants due to the addition of carbonate groups, O-C(=O)-O, into the ethoxylated chains. Also, the area per molecule at die interface increased when molar ratio CO2/EO increased, indicating a two site anchoring model for both hydrophobic moieties, poly(ethylene carbonate) chain and nonylphenol. Finally, nonylphenol poly(ethylene carbonate) surfactants showed good emulsification properties for stabilizing sunflower oil in water emulsions.
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