Supraspinal and systemic administration of the nicotinic-cholinergic agonist (±)-epibatidine has inhibitory effects on C-fiber reflexes in the rat

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of the nicotinic agonist (±)-epibatidine (EPIB) on the C-fiber flexor reflex in the anesthetized rat. Electrical stimulation of the hindpaw produces a long latency (>150 ms) C-fiber mediated electromyographic (EMG) burst in hindlimb flexor muscles. EPIB (0.01, 0.03 μmol/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced ( p < 0.05) C-fiber -related EMG activity by 46 and 64%, respectively. This effect was similar to that produced by the opioid morphine (21.0 μmol/kg, i.p.) and the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (3.0 μmol/kg, i.p.). Nicotinic receptor blockade with the antagonists mecamylamine (5.0 μmol/kg, i.p.) and chlorisondamine (23.0 nmol/rat, intracerebroventricular) attenuated the effects of systemic EPIB on the C-fiber reflex. EPIB injection (0.04 nmol/rat) into the nucleus raphe magnus significantly decreased C-fiber EMG activity by 67%, suggesting a supraspinal site of action. In contrast, EPIB (0.6 nmol/rat) administered into the lumbar spinal cord significantly increased the C-fiber reflex by 117%. In summary, systemic and supraspinal EPIB exerted an inhibitory effect on central pain transmitting pathways, while a stimulatory effect is elicited in the spinal cord. The inhibitory effects are consistent with the reported analgesic properties of EPIB. The excitatory effect may be related to the reported algogenic responses when EPIB is administered intrathecally.