Abstract

Supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent components offer significant advantages over their discrete counterparts, including improved quantum yields, stability, and tunability. Following interest as advanced optoelectronic materials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are incorporated into a range of supramolecular structures. Herein, a summary of the known examples of emissive supramolecular systems that operate via a TADF mechanism with comparisons, where possible, with their discrete counterparts is presented. While the types of supramolecular structures are diverse, there are limited examples shown for each class. With the increase in photophysical performance and/or emergence of new photochemical properties upon going from molecular to supramolecular, the potential that these systems hold becomes apparent.

Highlights

  • Supramolecular assemblies based on luminescent components offer significant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters coupled with their loweradvantages over their discrete counterparts, including improved quantum yields, stability, and tunability

  • The authors propose that a hot-exciton mechanism is the source of TADF, whereby an exciton forms at the T2 state and undergoes RISC to the S1 state; this is possible due to the small energy gap between T2 and S1 compared with the much larger energy gap between T2 and T1.[73]. Incorporation of 7 as a component of the crystalline MetalÀOrganic Frameworks (MOFs)-2 results in decreased molecular vibrations, giving rise to high ISC and reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) rates of 6.94 Â sÀ1 and 1.91 Â sÀ1, respectively, at 300 K

  • We have presented a diverse set of examples of supramolecular systems that exhibit TADF

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Summary

Supramolecular TADF: A Diverse Lineup

Compared with 1, 1-Co had a lower photoluminescence quantum yield and decreased lifetime (ΦPL 1⁄4 2.9%, τPL 1⁄4 13.8 μs), both attributed to photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from 1 to the cobalt centers. The authors note that CoIIÀÀ cannot be reduced by 1* due to the less negative potential of E(1þ/1*) versus E(CoII/CoIÀÀ) (À0.71 vs À1.12 V), supporting their proposed mechanism; other plausible pathways exist such as homolysis of CoIIIÀH.[40]

Supramolecular Gels
TADF Supramolecular Metallocages
TADF Metallocycles
Confining Carbon Dots within Zeolites to Switch on TADF
Organic Macrocycles and Cages
Organic Dots
2.10. Self-Assembled Fibers
Conclusion
Findings
Conflict of Interest

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