Abstract
The daily light and dark cycles produce some biological rhythms in almost all living organisms. These rhythms are driven by a tiny endogenous circadian time keeping system mainly located in the anterior part of the mammalian hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN receives photic inputs directly from a set of distinct ganglion cells of the retina through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). The light and dark intensities regulate periodic expressions of the circadian oscillators of the SCN including clock genes, pineal and adrenal secretions and thereby maintain circadian rhythms of diverse physiological functions.
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