Abstract
Banana production is severely hindered by plant-parasitic nematodes in acidic, sandy soil. This study investigated the possibility of applying a novel fumigation agent based on ammonium bicarbonate as a strategy for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes under sealed conditions. Moreover, its effects on the nematode community in pot and field experiments were also measured using morphology and feeding-habit based classification and the PCR-DGGE method. Results showed that a mixture (LAB) of lime (L) and ammonium bicarbonate (AB) in suitable additive amounts (0.857 g kg−1 of L and 0.428 g kg−1 of AB) showed stronger nematicidal ability than did the use of AB alone or the use of ammonium hydroxide (AH) and calcium cyanamide (CC) with an equal nitrogen amount. The nematode community was altered by the different fumigants, and LAB showed an excellent plant-parasitic nematicidal ability, especially for Meloidogyne and Rotylenchulus, as revealed by morphology and feeding-habit based classification, and for Meloidogyne, as revealed by the PCR-DGGE method. Fungivores and omnivore-predators were more sensitive to the direct effects of the chemicals than bacterivores. This study explored a novel fumigation agent for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes based on LAB and provides a potential strategy to ensure the worldwide development of the banana industry.
Highlights
Affect banana production across the globe[8]
Upon reaction with soil moisture, calcium cyanamide breaks down initially to hydrated lime and hydrogen cyanamide, which forms ammonia in sequence[28], especially ammonia, being reported to reduce the number of nematodes on tomatoes when used as ammonium nutrition[29]
No reports, to our knowledge, have described the effects of soil pretreated with different ammonia production substances as soil fumigants on the banana-parasitic nematode population and the whole nematode community structure, especially in acidic, sandy soils with continuous banana plantings over several years that are seriously infected with plant-parasitic nematodes that harm banana production
Summary
Affect banana production across the globe[8]. it is both necessary and urgent to find a better way to ensure healthy banana crops and maintain worldwide development of the industry. What’s more, increasing public interest in protecting the environment and human health has prompted research focused on agronomic strategies that reduce the use of fungicides, fertilizers and herbicides[13]; environmentally friendly alternative methods for managing plant-parasitic nematodes have to be developed. Soil pretreatments, such as soil fumigation with methyl iodide, propargyl bromide, 1, 3-dichloropropene[14], calcium cyanamide[15] and methyl bromide, are very effective in suppressing nematode populations[16]. The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of several ammonia production substances as soil agents suppressing nematodes, to identify the best nematicide disinfectant, to explore the optimum application mode of the disinfectant, and to investigate the effects of different applied disinfectants on the soil nematode community structure
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