Abstract
Calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) fibers are renewable fibers obtained from the ocean with essential flame retardancy, which have recently been applied as components of flame-retardant paper. However, the application of Ca-Alg fibers is limited because of their tendency to smolder. Therefore, composites papers were fabricated by blending using flame-retardant polyamide-66 (FR-PA), with a 5 wt% content of phosphorous flame retardant, which will form molten carbon during combustion. When the FR-PA content is 30% of the composite paper, FR-PA forms a compact carbon layer on the surface of the Ca-Alg fibers during combustion, which isolates the mass/heat transfer and effectively suppresses the smoldering of Ca-Alg. This consists of a condensed flame retardant mechanism. Furthermore, the combustion and thermal degradation behavior of paper were analyzed by cone calorimetry (CONE), TG and TG-IR. Ca-Alg in the composite paper decomposed and released CO2 before ignition, which delayed the ignition time. Simultaneously, the FR-PA contained in the composite paper effectively inhibited the combustion of volatile combustibles in the gas phase. Overall, FR-PA and Ca-Alg improve the thermal stability of the composite paper in different temperature regions under air atmosphere. Ca-Alg reduces the formation of aromatic products and NH3 in the composite paper under N2 atmosphere. Ca-Alg-based paper with excellent flame retardancy was successfully prepared.
Highlights
In modern society, wallpapers are becoming increasingly popular as decoration materials because of their variety of patterns that meet individual needs
Photographs of the samples captured at a certain time during Vertical Flammability (VF) tests are shown in Figure 2, posite paper decreased with increasing flame-retardant polyamide (FR-PA) content, indicating that the introduction of FR-PA causes a slight reduction in the strength of the composite paper, but its strength was not related to its flame-retardancy properties as suggested by the subsequent VF tests
The char residue of Calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) and FR-PA/Ca-Alg (40/60) shows a lower graphitization degree. These results demonstrate that a proper FR-PA content can form a compact carbon layer on the surface of the Ca-Alg fibers during combustion
Summary
Wallpapers are becoming increasingly popular as decoration materials because of their variety of patterns that meet individual needs. The molecular chain of the Ca-Alg fiber contains a large number of -COOH and -OH groups, which can be dehydrated to form cyclic lactide when heated This dilutes the concentration of combustible gas and inhibits heat transfer [18,19,20]. This article explores the interaction between Ca-Alg fibers and flame-retardant polyamide (FR-PA) fibers during combustion, to explore their application in the field of flameretardant paper. It is hypothesized that the smoldering of Ca-Alg fibers or the melting-drop of the FR-PA fibers can be inhibited by blending It is worth exploring whether the FRPA/Ca-Alg composite paper can meet the flame-retardant requirements of flame-retardant paper, which, according to GB/T 14656-2009, is determined by an after-flame time lower than 5 s, an afterglow time lower than 60 s, and a damaged length lower than 115 mm. The flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the composite flame-retardant papers were studied, and the results were compared flame-retardant werepaper studied, and the results were compared with commercial with commercialpapers wood pulp wood pulp paper
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