Abstract
We study the Auger effect in the presence of strong x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) propagating through resonant argon vapors by solving the Maxwell–Bloch equations numerically. The simulations are based on the three-level system with the carrier frequency tuned in the 2p3/2–4s resonance. It is shown that the Auger branching is sensitive to the pulse area and duration. The relative Auger yield can be suppressed in the course of pulse propagation due to the interplay between the Auger decay and stimulated emission. Further suppression can be achieved by chirping the initial pulse, which is more effective for the long-pulse case. In addition, the sign and magnitude of the chirp rate play important roles in pulse reshaping and Auger emission.
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