Abstract
Grape white rot caused by Coniella vitis is prevalent in almost all grapevines worldwide and results in a yield loss of 10–20% annually. Bacillus velezensis is a reputable plant growth-promoting bacterial. Strain GSBZ09 was isolated from grapevine cv. Red Globe (Vitis vinifera) and identified as B. velezensis according to morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and a multilocus gene sequence analysis (MLSA) based on six housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, atpD, rho and pgk). B. velezensis GSBZ09 was screened for antifungal activity against C. vitis under in vitro and in vivo conditions. GSBZ09 presented broad spectrum antifungal activity and produced many extracellular enzymes that remarkably inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. vitis. Furthermore, GSBZ09 had a high capacity for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, and mineral phosphate solubilization. Pot experiments showed that the application of GSBZ09 significantly decreased the disease index of the grape white rot, directly promoted the growth of grapes, and upregulated defense-related enzymes. Overall, the features of B. velezensis GSBZ09 make it a potential strain for application as a biological control agent against C. vitis.
Highlights
Grape white rot is prevalent in almost all grapevines worldwide, and it severely affects grape growth and results in a yield loss of 10–20% annually [1,2]
The marginal hyphae inhibited by GSBZ09 had a significantly thick and curved morphology, showed more branches and exhibited tips that expanded into spheres, with the protoplasm flowing out (Figure S2F,G)
The current study demonstrated that B. amyloliquefaciens strain XZ34-1, as a biocontrol agent for the control of Bipolaris sorokiniana, has the ability to produce protease and pectinase [36]
Summary
Grape white rot (hail disease) is prevalent in almost all grapevines worldwide, and it severely affects grape growth and results in a yield loss of 10–20% annually [1,2]. Coniella vitis is considered to be the main pathogen of the disease in China [3], white rot can be caused by C. doplodiella (Speg.) petr. C. vitis mainly infects ripening berries, and damages the green tissues of the vine [6]. Infected berries became soft and rotten and covered with pycnidia of grayish–white color. This seriously affects the quality and nutrition of grapes, with a production loss of 16.3% in China [3]
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