Abstract
The feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a member of the feline coronavirus family that causes FIP, which is incurable and fatal in cats. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent that targets the nuclear factor pathway of activated T-cells (NF-AT) to bind cellular cyclophilins (CyP), dose-dependently inhibited FIPV replication in vitro. FK506 (an immunosuppressor of the pathway that binds cellular FK506-binding protein (FKBP) but not CyP) did not affect FIPV replication. Neither cell growth nor viability changed in the presence of either CsA or FK506, and these factors did not affect the NF-AT pathway in fcwf-4 cells. Therefore, CsA does not seem to exert inhibitory effects via the NF-AT pathway. In conclusion, CsA inhibited FIPV replication in vitro and further studies are needed to verify the practical value of CsA as an anti-FIPV treatment in vivo.
Highlights
Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that generally cause respiratory or intestinal infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) in pigs
We assessed the effect of various concentrations of FK506, which blocks the nuclear factor pathway of activated T-cells (NF-AT) pathway, on cell viability to confirm that Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) through this pathway
We discovered that CsA inhibits intracellular FIPV replication in vitro
Summary
Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that generally cause respiratory or intestinal infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) in pigs. Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) have been classified into two biotypes, comprising the ubiquitous feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). The widely accepted theory in vitro is that FIPV arises by mutation of parental FECV in the gastrointestinal tract of infected cats, systemically spreads and causes FIP that is fatal in cats [1,2]. Interferon ω inhibits FIPV in vitro but is ineffective in vivo [6]. Various other immunosuppressants, such as glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, have been studied, but these drugs prolong life, the outcome of FIPV infection remains fatal [7]. An effective vaccine and therapeutic medicine against FIPV are still needed
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