Abstract
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) suppresses fatty acid synthesis in animals, but its biochemical mechanism in poultry is unclear. This study identified the key proteins associated with fat metabolism and elucidated the biochemical mechanism of (-)-HCA in broiler chickens. Four groups (n = 30 each) received a diet supplemented with 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 mg/kg (-)-HCA for 4 weeks. Of the differentially expressed liver proteins, 40 and 26 were identified in the mitochondrial and cytoplasm respectively. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 components (PDHA1 and PDHB), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD), aconitase (ACO2), a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (DLST), enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) were upregulated, while NADP-dependent malic enzyme (ME1) was downregulated. Biological network analysis showed that the identified proteins were involved in glycometabolism and lipid metabolism, whereas PDHA1, PDHB, ECHS1, and ME1 were identified in the canonical pathway by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The data indicated that (-)-HCA inhibited fatty acid synthesis by reducing the acetyl-CoA supply, via promotion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (upregulation of PDHA1, PDHB, ACO2, and DLST expression) and inhibition of ME1 expression. Moreover, (-)-HCA promoted fatty acid beta-oxidation by upregulating ECHS1 expression. These results reflect a biochemically relevant mechanism of fat reduction by (-)-HCA in broiler chickens.
Highlights
Over the last few decades, the principle aim of poultry production in many countries has been to increase the growth rate of animals
Our results showed that the NDUFS3, NDUFS8 and NDUFA10 protein expression levels were increased in the liver of broiler chickens after (-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) supplementation
NDUFS3 and NDUFA10 are important subunits of NADH dehydrogenase: NDUFS3 plays a vital role in the proper assembly of complex I35,36 and NDUFA10 transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone in the respiratory chain[37]
Summary
Over the last few decades, the principle aim of poultry production in many countries has been to increase the growth rate of animals. Modern broiler strains often tend to have excessive abdominal fat deposit[1,2], which needs to be controlled, since it has a negative impact on poultry production, as evidenced by the increase in feed cost during rearing, decrease in the final meat quality, and the significant economic loss to poultry-processing plants[3,4,5]. Would aid in the identification of differentially expressed proteins involved in lipid metabolism and provide new insight into the mechanism of fat deposition in broiler chickens. The current study was designed to explore the effect of (-)-HCA supplementation on the hepatic expression (mitochondrial and cytoplasmic) of lipid metabolism-related proteins/enzymes in broiler chickens. The aim was to identify the different proteins that are involved in lipid metabolism and to gain a better understanding of the biochemical mechanism of (-)-HCA regulation of fat deposition in poultry
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