Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic factor. It regulates many aspects of T-cell biology including thymocyte development, T cell differentiation and effector T cell function.1 Previous work has shown that the loss of TGF-β signaling in the T-cell lineage leads to severe lymphoproliferative autoimmunity.2,3 Until now, it has been unclear to what extent the autoimmunity observed in those mice is driven by TGF–unresponsive conventional T cells, as TGF- is also crucial for the maintenance and function of regulatory T cells (Treg). A recent study published in Nature Immunology revealed a novel role of TGF-β signaling in non-regulatory naive T cells. It was found that TGF-β controls lymphopenia-driven T-cell proliferation in neonatal mice, thereby preventing the development of autoimmunity.4
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