Abstract
The deployment of low-carbon energy (LCE) technologies and management of installations represents an imperative to face climate change. LCE planning is an interminable process affected by a multitude of social, economic, environmental, and health factors. A major challenge for policy makers is to select a future clean energy strategy that maximizes sustainability. Thus, policy formulation and evaluation need to be addressed in an analytical manner including multidisciplinary knowledge emanating from diverse social stakeholders. In the current work, a comparative analysis of LCE planning is provided, evaluating different multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies. Initially, by applying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, the available energy alternative technologies are prioritized. A variety of stakeholders is surveyed for that reason. To deal with the ambiguity that occurred in their judgements, fuzzy goal programming (FGP) is used for the translation into fuzzy numbers. Then, the stochastic fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (SF-AHP) and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS) are applied to evaluate a repertoire of energy alternative forms including biofuel, solar, hydro, and wind power. The methodologies are estimated based on the same set of tangible and intangible criteria for the case study of Thessaly Region, Greece. The application of FGP ranked the four energy types in terms of feasibility and positioned solar-generated energy as first, with a membership function of 0.99. Among the criteria repertoire used by the stakeholders, the SF-AHP evaluated all the criteria categories separately and selected the most significant category representative. Finally, F-TOPSIS assessed these criteria ordering the energy forms, in terms of descending order of ideal solution, as follows: solar, biofuel, hydro, and wind.
Highlights
The use of energy is one of the most critical aspects in today’s society, as it participates in all expressions of human development
The structure of the paper is as follows: we present all the material and methods related to SWOT, fuzzy goal programming (FGP), stochastic fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (SF-AHP), and F-TOPSIS methodologies, each one covering its own subsection
On top of the critical effects, health and environmental indicators became significant in energy planning decision making, since they affect the sustainable use of regional resources
Summary
The use of energy is one of the most critical aspects in today’s society, as it participates in all expressions of human development (industrial, economic, urban, and rural). It is of great importance to develop clean technologies, mechanisms, and policies that control regional resources and direct the regional development via the use of renewable and environment-friendly energy forms. Energy conservation and sustainability are important in energy planning decision making. The European Commission has suggested, from 2014 and every year, a guideline to create a sustainable energy action plan (SEAP). To include actions for the transition towards sustainable energy technologies. Via this European level action, the body of European Governors had agreed to reduce atmospheric CO2 at least 20% by 2020, a goal which was never reached.
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