Supporting structures of machine-building enterprises of 1920-1930

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the design solutions of industrial buildings of the engineering industry, that were built in 1920-1930. This period is characterized by the use of monolithic and precast concrete elements as the supporting structures of the frames of industrial buildings, because of the need for super-efficient use of steel. Low-carbon steel of low grades was used as reinforcement. Space-planning and constructive solutions of buildings of this period are not peculiar to later periods of construction. The purpose of research is to identify and describe the characteristic features of the frameworks, its inherent defects and damage of the supporting elements, and ways to eliminate them. As a rule, the considered buildings are characterized by increased spatial rigidity and stability, provided by the rigid coupling of columns with foundations, monolithic transverse elements and longitudinal crossbars. This explains the safety of supporting structures during long periods of operation, low sensitivity to the sediments of the supports during deformations of the soil base. Enclosing structures, self-supporting walls on almost all the objects surveyed have become inoperable. To continue the exploitation of such buildings, almost complete replacement of envelopes, repair and strengthening of local damage of supporting reinforced structures is required.