Supporting Sexuality in Adults with Intellectual Disability—A Short Review

Abstract

Sexuality in persons with intellectual disability (ID) is one of the frequently discussed topics of many scientific disciplines. Sexuality in persons with ID is determined by the specific features of ID, but also by the attitudes of the society and possibilities of persons with ID to establish intimate relationships, have sexual experience, and be able to express their own sexuality as an autonomous human need. The objective of the review was to present an analysis of published knowledge about supporting (and expression) of adults with ID in the area of sexuality (i.e. support provided to persons with ID as well as carers, professionals and family members providing support to persons with ID in the area of sexuality). Relevant studies (N = 47) identify the following as the most significant areas of supporting sexuality in adults with ID: sexual relationships, contraception, pregnancy and parenthood, sexually transmitted diseases, gay or lesbian relations/relationship, unacceptable and criminal sexual conduct, taking responsibility for sexual behavior, defining sexuality, values, body image, etc. Another important aspect is cooperation with close persons, carers and parents of individuals with ID. There is a possibility to use specific instruments for elementary assessment (SSKAT, SexKen-ID, ASK), the technique of social stories, and the content of educational program aimed at sexuality in persons with ID. Another option is sexual assistance and self-advocacy. Existing research focuses mainly on prevention of sexual abuse of persons with ID, but attention should also be paid to other aspects of their sexuality. Available evidence suggests that providing support to persons with ID in relation to their own sexuality is a difficult task. There is a need for further training and education of professionals, close persons and carers in order to provide qualified support to these clients.