Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts for CO2 Fischer–Tropsch Conversion to Liquid Fuels─A Review

Abstract

The global increase of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) affects the balance of the atmosphere by contributing vastly to global warming. CO2 hydrogenation is an attractive way to use CO2 for value-added product generation. Direct CO2 conversion to synthetic fuels or gasoline fuel, although challenging, is deemed effective in reducing CO2. The adsorption energy of CO2 on the catalyst surface is the limiting factor; hence, the metal–support interaction is established as key in formulating a catalyst with superior performance. Typically iron oxide catalysts were commonly used as a Fischer–Tropsch catalyst, although the CO2 conversion is relatively low. This review aims to highlight the importance of choosing the most suitable support with desired acidity and reduction capability for adequate interaction with catalyst active sites to enhance the activity and selectivity of the existing metal oxide catalyst. Support incorporation methods on the surface metal–support interaction are also scrutinized and accompanied by the reaction parameters for higher conversion, and reactor setup parameters that may have influenced the selectivity are analyzed.