Abstract
Field Effect Transistor (FET)-based electrochemical biosensor is gaining a lot of interest due to its malleability with modern fabrication technology and the ease at which it can be integrated with modern digital electronics. To increase the sensitivity and response time of the FET-based biosensor, many semiconducting materials have been categorized, including 2 dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. These 2D materials are easy to fabricate, increase sensitivity due to the atomic layer, and are flexible for a range of biomolecule detection. Due to the atomic layer of 2D materials each device requires a supporting substrate to fabricate a biosensor. However, uneven morphology of supporting substrate leads to unreliable output from every device due to scattering effect. This review summarizes advances in 2D material-based electrochemical biosensors both in supporting and suspended configurations by using different atomic monolayer, and presents the challenges involved in supporting substrate-based 2D biosensors. In addition, we also point out the advantages of nanomaterials over bulk materials in the biosensor domain.
Highlights
The first biosensor was presented in 1962 by Clark and Lyons based on the enzyme electrode biochemical to detect chemical components present in blood [1]
This review illustrates the supported 2 dimensional (2D) material Field Effect Transistor (FET)-based biosensor, challenges involved in supporting devices, and suspended-based biosensor and their fabrication method
Each dimension exhibits unique properties that contribute tremendous potential in biosensing and bioelectronics applications. 0 dimension (0D) and 1 dimension (1D) are known as the first generation of the nanomaterials such as fullerene (C60), Carbon nanotubes (CNT), Silicon nanowires, gold nanoparticles, etc
Summary
The first biosensor was presented in 1962 by Clark and Lyons based on the enzyme electrode biochemical to detect chemical components present in blood [1]. Electrochemical transducers comprise a change in the electrical impedance, potential, current, and modulation of the conductance by means of the sensing materials [4]. From these electrical interfaces, Field Effect Transistor (FET)-based devices are well known due to their excellent sensitivity and selectivity, and cost-effective wafer-scale fabrication. Variation in the chemistry of different compounds and the crystal structure leads towards dramatic changes in their electronics properties Despite these merits, the performance and consistency of such atomic layer crystals are affected by supporting substrate interaction. This review illustrates the supported 2D material FET-based biosensor, challenges involved in supporting devices, and suspended-based biosensor and their fabrication method
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