Abstract
Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) are industrial areas where firms collaborate to reduce pollution and waste by sharing resources, waste and byproducts. They are seen as a means to achieve sustainable development considering economic, social and environmental aspects. EIPs were introduced in the field of Industrial Ecology (IE) that shares with the theory of circular economy principles such as the promotion of waste re-use as raw material and the pursuit of cleaner energy for industrial processes. IE aims to provide practical solutions to promote the transition towards circular economy and, during the last two decades, it has been contaminated by manufacturing and supply chain management issues. This contamination led to several approaches for integrating resources and actions while optimizing material flows among the firms of the EIP. Nonetheless, the majority of models in literature do neither consider the behavior of several companies along the time nor the full exploitation of value creation of the Industrial Symbioses (IS). In this paper, two factors are proposed for the design of EIPs and their ISs to improve firms environmental and economic performances.
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