Supplementation with Magnesium Salts-A Strategy to Increase Nutraceutical Value of Pleurotus djamor Fruiting Bodies.

Piotr Zięba,Emilia Bernaś,Bożena Muszyńska,Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja,Małgorzata Suchanek,Agata Krakowska,Agnieszka Sękara,Edward Kunicki

doi:10.3390/molecules26113273

Abstract

The use of substrates supplemented with minerals is a promising strategy for increasing the nutraceutical value of Pleurotus spp. The current research was performed to analyze the effect of substrate supplementation with magnesium (Mg) salts on the Mg content, biomass, and chemical composition of pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) fruiting bodies. Before inoculation, substrate was supplemented with MgCl2 × 6 H2O and MgSO4, both salts were applied at three concentrations: 210, 420, and 4200 mg of Mg per 2 kg of substrate. The harvest period included three flushes. Substrate supplementation with 4200 mg of Mg caused the most significant decrease in mushroom productivity, of about 28% for both Mg salts. The dry matter content in fruiting bodies was significantly lower in the treatment in which 210 mg of Mg was applied as MgSO4 in comparison to the control. Supplementation effectively increased the Mg content in fruiting bodies of P. djamor by 19–85% depending on the treatment, and significantly affected the level of remaining bioelements and anions. One hundred grams of pink oyster fruiting bodies, supplemented with Mg salts, provides more than 20% of the Mg dietary value recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); thus, supplementation can be an effective technique for producing mushrooms that are rich in dietary Mg. Although P. djamor grown in supplemented substrate showed lower productivity, this was evident only in the fresh weight because the differences in dry weight were negligible. Mg supplementation increased the antioxidant activity of the fruiting bodies, phenolic compounds, and some amino acids, including L-tryptophan, and vitamins (thiamine and l-ascorbic acid).

Highlights

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The species of the genus Pleurotus, commonly known as oyster mushrooms, are distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world
The content of elements in the fruiting bodies of P. djamor was differentiated depending on the type and concentration of magnesium salts used in the experiment (Table 1)
Supplementation with MgCl2 × 0.5 resulted in the highest contents of potassium, iron, and copper in P. djamor fruiting bodies, whereas the lowest contents of these elements were found in samples from MgSO4 × 1 (K), MgSO4 × 10 (Fe), and MgSO4 × 0.5 (Cu) treatments

Summary

Introduction

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The species of the genus Pleurotus, commonly known as oyster mushrooms, are distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world. P. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. flabellatus, P. florida, and P. ostreatus have been used as both food and medicine since the time of ancient civilizations. They have gained wide popularity as nutraceuticals due to their high nutritional and medicinal value and their ability to grow on commonly available agricultural wastes [1,2]. Nagy et al [3] reported 17.9–30.3% dry weight (DW) of crude proteins, 1.10–2.2% DW of lipids and 57.6–62.4% DW carbohydrates in Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies collected from natural habitats. Many medicinal effects have been confirmed for Pleurotus spp.; as a result, so mycelia and fruiting bodies are used as raw materials by the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries [5,9]. Researches has confirmed positive health and potential medicinal properties of basidiocarps and mycelium obtained from in vitro cultures of P. djamor. β-glucans isolated from pink oyster mushroom have a cytotoxic effect against ovarian carcinoma cells in in vitro models [10]

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