Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus are increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hydrolyzed fish protein may have favorable effects on metabolic health. Here, we investigated the effect of 8 weeks supplementation with 4 g of cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) on glucose metabolism, lipid profile and body composition in individuals with MetS in a double-blind, randomized intervention study with a parallel-group design. Subjects received a daily supplement of CPH (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Primary outcomes were serum fasting and postprandial glucose levels. Secondary outcomes were fasting and postprandial insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), fasting lipid concentrations and body composition. No difference was observed between CPH and placebo for insulin, glucose or GLP-1 after 8 weeks intervention. Fasting triacylglycerol decreased in both the CPH group and placebo group, with no change between groups. Fasting total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly within both groups from baseline to study end, but no difference was observed between the two groups. In conclusion, supplementing with a low dose of CPH in subjects with MetS for 8 weeks had no effect on fasting or postprandial levels of insulin, glucose or GLP-1, lipid profile or body composition.
Highlights
Hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity form a cluster of interconnected metabolic abnormalities commonly known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1,2,3].The prevalence of MetS varies depending on the definition used and the population studied, but it Nutrients 2020, 12, 1991; doi:10.3390/nu12071991 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsNutrients 2020, 12, 1991 is estimated that between 20 and 30% of the adult population in most countries meet the diagnostic criteria for MetS [4]
The main aim of this study was to investigate whether daily supplementation with low doses of cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) for 8 weeks would have effect on fasting and postprandial glucose levels in participants with
We found no effect on fasting or postprandial insulin or glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels, lipid parameters or body composition after 8 weeks supplementation with CPH
Summary
Hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity form a cluster of interconnected metabolic abnormalities commonly known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1,2,3].The prevalence of MetS varies depending on the definition used and the population studied, but it Nutrients 2020, 12, 1991; doi:10.3390/nu12071991 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsNutrients 2020, 12, 1991 is estimated that between 20 and 30% of the adult population in most countries meet the diagnostic criteria for MetS [4]. The syndrome has significant negative impact on public health, and the rate of MetS is expected to continue to rise in adults and future generations unless we find effective strategies to prevent and reverse this development [4]. The nutrients in fish, such as iodine, vitamin D, taurine, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and high-quality protein, may all contribute to the positive health effects of fish consumption [9]. Animal and human studies suggest that hydrolyzed fish proteins given in low doses may have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism [13,14,15], postprandial glucose [14] and insulin regulation [16], as well as body composition and appetite [17,18]. Similar indications are observed in intervention studies with healthy overweight and obese adults given low doses (between 2.5 and 8 g) of supplements with unhydrolyzed cod protein [19,20,21]
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