Supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 Modifies Microbiota Composition and Prevents Body Weight Gain Induced by Cafeteria Diet in Rats.

Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura,Amedeo Amedei,Daniele Tomassoni,Stefania Silvi,Luca Botticelli,Cinzia Cecchini,Maria Gabriella Gabrielli,Gian Maria Rossolini,Maria Cristina Verdenelli,Vincenzo Di Pilato,Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura,Carlo Cifani,Maria Magdalena Coman

doi:10.3390/ijms222011171

Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura, Amedeo Amedei + Show 11 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011171

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Abstract

Changes in functionality and composition of gut microbiota (GM) have been associated and may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity and related diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate for the first time the impact of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum IMC 510 in a rat model of diet-induced obesity, specifically in the cafeteria (CAF) diet. This diet provides a strong motivation to voluntary overeat, due to the palatability and variety of selected energy-dense foods. The oral administration for 84 days of this probiotic strain, added to the CAF diet, decreased food intake and body weight gain. Accordingly, it ameliorated body mass index, liver and white adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte size, serum parameters, including glycemia and low-density lipoprotein levels, in CAF fed rats, potentially through leptin control. In this scenario, L. plantarum IMC 510 showed also beneficial effects on GM, limiting the microbial imbalance established by long exposure to CAF diet and preserving the proportion of different bacterial taxa. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the relationship between GM and overweight and then the mechanism of action by which L. plantarum IMC 510 modifies weight. However, these promising results prompt a clear advantage of probiotic supplementation and identify a new potential probiotic as a novel and safe therapeutic approach in obesity prevention and management.

Highlights

Obesity is a pandemic chronic disease associated with different co-morbidities, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia and cancer [1], that is constantly expanding due to the westernization of diet and lifestyle [2,3]
Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are related to changes of appetite modulators, including leptin [6], that might contribute to the dysregulation of food intake and, fat accumulation and energy homeostasis [7,8,9,10,11], resulting from the imbalance between excessive caloric intake compared to energy expenditure
An increasing interest has been reserved to the gut microbiota (GM), primarily on how its alterations could be involved in the vulnerability of this widespread disease [22,23] and the possibility of using probiotics as a potential therapeutic tool for weight control [24,25]

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is a pandemic chronic disease associated with different co-morbidities, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia and cancer [1], that is constantly expanding due to the westernization of diet and lifestyle [2,3]. Other conditions may contribute to body weight gain, including genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, behavioral, environmental and cultural influences, as summarized in different reviews (i.e., [12,13,14,15,16]). A comparison between obese and control subjects, regarding the abundance of Lactobacillus species, revealed higher levels of Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum in the latters, while Lactobacillus reuteri was highly represented in the obese subjects [39]. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role that several microorganisms may have in shaping gut homeostasis and how dietary intake can influence the composition of the microbiota

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