Abstract
Prill fat is a hydrogenated vegetable oil which contains more than 85% palmitic acid with a high melting point. Due to this reason, it does not melt at rumen temperature and bypass rumen degradation. This study was aimed to determine the optimum level of prill fat (86% palmitic acid) supplementation in dairy ration on fermentation characteristics, feed digestibility, milk production, milk components and milk fatty acid profiles. In vitro analysis used Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications and the in vivo analysis using T-Test. The in vitro result showed prill fat supplementation was significantly affected the total Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) concentration (p<0.05). The addition of prill fat significantly decreased dry matter and organic matter digestibility (p<0.01), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) digestibility (p<0.05), total protozoa biomass (p<0.01) and population of cellulolytic bacteria (p<0.05). Furthermore, supplementation of prill fat in the level of 2% had no effect on pH, ammonia (NH3)N concentration and total rumen bacteria activity. The prill fat treatment at the level of 2% had no effect on dry matter intake, milk component and milk yield on in vivo analysis. In addition, milk yield, milk component and milk fatty acids were elevated after the prill fat treatment. This research concluded, the optimum level of prill fat addition in dairy ration was at the level of 2%. Supplementation of prill fat had no effect on rumen fermentation and fiber digestibility. Prill fat supplementation can be used to augment the milk yield, milk component, fatty acid composition in milk and had no effect on Atherogenicity Index (AI) and Hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic (HH).
Highlights
Dairy cow production is likely to be adversely affected by feed nutrients and adequate nutrient requirements
Prill fat supplementation had no effect on pH, ammonia concentration, and total rumen bacteria
There was a significant effect of prill fat supplementation on total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentration (p
Summary
Dairy cow production is likely to be adversely affected by feed nutrients and adequate nutrient requirements. The insufficiency of feed availability and quality for its production cause low productivity of dairy cows (Hasanah et al, 2017). Napier grass is a productive forage (250 ton/ha/year) (Despal et al, 2019) but it has a low quality (55% Total Digestible Nutrient(TDN), 812% Crude Protein (CP)) (Riestanti et al, 2020) and is influenced by seasons (Sajimin and Purwantari, 2019). To fulfil the requirement of dairy cattle average production (13.5 L/head/day) that require 60.9% TDN and 12.20% CP (NRC, 2001), dairy farmers often added concentrate. Lack of nutrient fulfilment has become bigger during the dry season when forage quality rapidly decreased (Retnani et al, 2014) as an increased of livestock requirement which driven by the higher maintenance requirement of dairy cattle (Sutarno and Setyawan, 2016). Supplementation with the other energy sources should be considered to fulfil the lack of energy in dairy ration
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