Supplementation of Ex-Situ Biofloc to Improve Growth Performance and Enhance Nutritional Values of the Pacific White Shrimp Rearing at Low Salinity Conditions

Umaporn Uawisetwathana,Wanilada Rungrassamee,Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri,Gede Suantika,Magdalena Lenny Situmorang,Sopacha Arayamethakorn,Atikorn Panya,Haniswita Haniswita

doi:10.3390/app11104598

Supplementation of Ex-Situ Biofloc to Improve Growth Performance and Enhance Nutritional Values of the Pacific White Shrimp Rearing at Low Salinity Conditions

Umaporn Uawisetwathana, Wanilada Rungrassamee + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104598

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Abstract

Shrimp is an important food source consumed worldwide. An intensive aquaculture system with overuse of feed in combination with detrimental effects from climate change are serious problems leading to mass mortality of cultured shrimp. Biofloc technology is an approach to managing water quality and controlling the disease to counter the negative side of intensive culture system; however, most of the biofloc applications are naturally formed, which could be inconsistent. In this study, we employed an established optimal ratio of microbial consortium called “ex-situ biofloc (BF)” to be used as a feed supplement in shrimp cultured in a zero-water discharged system at low salinity conditions. Three feeding groups (100%commercial pellet (C), 95%C+BF, 90%C+BF) of shrimp were cultured for six weeks. The effect of an ex-situ biofloc supplement with commercial pellet reduction showed that levels of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate were significantly decreased in water culture. Shrimp fed with ex-situ biofloc supplement with commercial pellet reduction exhibited significantly increased shrimp weight and survival, and significantly expressed growth-related genes involving lipolysis and energy metabolism higher than those fed with 100% commercial pellet. Nutritional analysis indicated a significant increase of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1) concentrations in the ex-situ biofloc supplemented shrimp. This finding revealed the potential of ex-situ biofloc to manage water quality, improve shrimp growth performance and enhance shrimp nutritional value under intensive culture at low salinity conditions. The beneficial effects of the ex-situ biofloc in shrimp culture system make it a promising alternative strategy to mitigate climate change effects leading to the sustainable production of high-quality shrimp in the future.

Highlights

Shrimp is an economically important aquatic animal due to an increasing demand from human consumption worldwide
All water quality parameters, including temperature, DO, pH, salinity and alkalinity were maintained at the optimum range for shrimp growth (Table 1), while the biofloc concentration was kept at 0.3% (v/v) for 95%C+BF and 90%C+BF treatment groups
Cereus, B. megaterium), microalgae (Chaetoceros calcitrans), and a consortium of nitrifying bacteria as a feed supplement in Pacific white shrimp cultured upon a grow-out phase at low salinity condition

Summary

Introduction

Shrimp is an economically important aquatic animal due to an increasing demand from human consumption worldwide. An intensive culture system with high stock density and overuse of feed is mostly used to increase the production yield [1,2]. This system has many drawbacks, especially the side effect of uneaten feed accumulation [3]. The uneaten feed in the bottom of the pond is consumed by heterotrophic bacteria, including pathogenic ones such as Vibrio sp. If a high level of these pathogenic bacteria is present, it can result in mass mortality of cultured shrimp [5,6]

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