Abstract
Abstract Bile acids are used for better emulsification, digestion and absorption of dietary fat in chicken, especially in early life. Similarly, exogenous lipases have also been used for the improvement of physiological limitation of the chicken digestive system. Owing to potential of both bile acids and lipases, their use has been increased in recent years, for better emulsification of dietary fat and improvement of growth performance in broilers. In the past, pancreatic lipases were used for supplementation, but recently, microbial lipase is getting attention in poultry industry as a hydrolysis catalyst. Bile acids strengthen the defence mechanism of body against bacterial endotoxins and also play a key role in lipid regulation and sugar metabolism as signaling molecules. It has been demonstrated that bile acids and lipases may improve feed efficiency by enhancing digestive enzyme activity and ultimately leading to better fat digestion and absorption. Wide supplemental range of bile acids (0.004% to 0.25%) and lipases (0.01% to 0.1%) has been used in broiler diets for improvement of fat digestibility and their performance. Combinations of different bile acids have shown more potential to improve feed efficiency (by 7.14%) even at low (0.008%) levels as compared to any individual bile acid. Lipases at a lower level of 0.03% have exhibited more promising potential to improve fat digestibility and feed efficiency. However, contradicting results have been published in literature, which needs further investigations to elucidate various nutritional aspects of bile acids and lipase supplementation in broiler diet. This review focuses on providing insight on the mechanism of action and potential application of bile acids and lipases in broiler diets. Moreover, future implications of these additives in poultry nutrition for enhancing nutrient utilization and absorption are also discussed.
Highlights
Lipids are hydrocarbons which are generally insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents (Gunstone, 2012)
The activity of Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was decreased in 42 d old broiler fed 60 and 80 mg/ kg bile acids indicating that bile acids could improve the efficiency of fat digestion and absorption, leading to reduce requirements of dietary fat
Literature survey provided convincing evidence that dietary supplementation of bile acids and lipase improves in broiler performance owing to increased fat digestibility due to improved pancreatic lipase activity
Summary
Significant improvement in FCR has been reported in broilers with no effect on feed intake in response to supplementation of different levels of lipase enzyme (Al-Marzooqi and Leeson, 2000; Wang et al, 2018). These studies revealed that chicken might have a limited amount of endogenous pancreatic lipase during an early age, which can be augmented by using dietary lipase. Effect of dietary bile acids on growth rate and body weight Improvement in body weight (BW) gain in broilers in response to supplementation of emulsifiers in their diet has been reported in many studies (Table 4). Choline, lysophosphatidyl in reduced energy choline and polyethylene diet glycol ricinoleate
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