Abstract
Insulin resistance leads to the onset of medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes, and its development is associated with the alteration in the gut microbiota. Although it has been demonstrated that supplementation with prebiotics modulates the gut microbiota, limited evidence is available for effects of prebiotics on insulin resistance, especially for humans. We investigated the prebiotic effect of 1-kestose supplementation on fasting insulin concentration in obesity-prone humans and rats. In the preliminary study using rats, the hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet was suppressed by intake of water with 2% (w/v) 1-kestose. In the clinical study using obese-prone volunteers, the fasting serum insulin level was significantly reduced from 6.5 µU/mL (95% CI, 5.5–7.6) to 5.3 (4.6–6.0) by the 12-week intervention with supplementation of 10 g 1-kestose/day, whereas it was not changed by the intervention with placebo (6.2 µU/mL (5.4–7.1) and 6.5 (5.5–7.6) before and after intervention, respectively). The relative abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium was significantly increased to 0.3244 (SD, 0.1526) in 1-kestose-supplemented participants compared to that in control participants (0.1971 (0.1158)). These results suggest that prebiotic intervention using 1–kestose may potentially ameliorate insulin resistance in overweight humans via the modulation of the gut microbiota. UMIN 000028824.
Highlights
Insulin resistance, defined as an impaired stimulation of insulin to targeted tissues, is a risk factor for a wide range of disorders and clinical concerns, including hypertension, type2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [? ? ]
Accumulating studies have linked the incidence of insulin resistance with the composition of the gut microbiota
The present study showed the potential of 1-kestose to lessen the risk of developing insulin resistance in rodents and humans with an overweight/obese state
Summary
Insulin resistance, defined as an impaired stimulation of insulin to targeted tissues, is a risk factor for a wide range of disorders and clinical concerns, including hypertension, type2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [? ? ]. It is well-known that high-fat diets (HFDs) induce insulin resistance in association with obesity in rodents [? Insulin resistance is increasingly recognized as an association with the gut microbiota and resultant metabolites in mice and humans [? Cohort studies reported that microbially-derived 2 of ??. Metabolites are associated with the deterioration of glucose metabolism induced by obesity and type 2 diabetes [? ]. In obese rodents, diet components but not obese states are the dominant determinant of the gut microbial composition [? ]. dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota composition using prebiotics and probiotics have been studied in animals and clinical trials whether the interventions ameliorate insulin resistance in the obese state Dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota composition using prebiotics and probiotics have been studied in animals and clinical trials whether the interventions ameliorate insulin resistance in the obese state
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