Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to design and utilize a supervisory controller for networked power converters in residential applications. Wireless networks have been interfaced to multiple power factor correction (PFC) converters which are proposed to support reactive power. Unregulated reactive power support from PFC converters could cause reactive power deficiency and instability. Therefore, a supervisory controller is necessary to govern the operation of PFC converters. WiFi and WirelessHART networks have been used to implement the supervisory controller. Different nodes of the power network are connected by wireless communication links to the supervisory controller. Asynchronous communication links latency and uncertain states affect the control and response of the PFC converters. To overcome these issues, the supervisory controller design method has been proposed based on the system identification and the Ziegler-Nichols rule. The proposed supervisory controller has been validated by using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bed. The HIL testbed consisted of an OP4510 simulator, a server computer, Texas Instrument-Digital Signal Controllers (TI-DSCs), WiFi and WirelessHART modules. Experimental results show that the proposed supervisory controller can help to support and govern reactive power flow in a residential power network. The proposed method of controller design will be useful for different small-scale power and wireless network integration.
Highlights
According to the US Department of Energy, residential loads have consumed 20.44% of the total energy in 2017 [1]
OP4510 is used to simulate the power stages in real time; Texas Instrument-Digital Signal Controllers (TI-DSCs) are used as controllers of the power factor correction (PFC) converters; AwiaTech wirelessHART or ESP8266 Wi-Fi modules are used as interface of communication link; Op-Amp based circuits have been used for the ADC scaling and buffers have been used for the level shifting of pulse width modulated (PWM) signals; a supervisory controller have been implemented in the computer that is connected to the internet and the master AwiaTechHART module
The test bed has been implemented to validate the supervisory controller for reactive power support using the proposed power network of Figure 1
Summary
Other power and energy management systems have been implemented using fuzzy logic, distributed, model predictive and supervisory controller in References [12,13,14,15,16,17] These solutions don’t give the opportunity to control power flow using a communication network in a residential application. Appliances as reactive power resources and the connection to a wireless network facilitates the opportunity to implement supervisory controller. Multiple wireless communication links have different delays, asynchronous latency and uncertainty These factors affects the operation of PFC converters which affects the reactive power management system. Test results show that PFC converters can support reactive power to the residential application in different conditions with the help of an optimal supervisory controller. HIL testbed and experimental results are presented in Sections 4 and 5, respectively
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