Supervision, Graduate Competence Standard, Parents Role, and the Effectiveness of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

This study aims at determining the implementation of principal supervision for the achievement of graduate competency standards, parental participation, and the effectiveness of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted on 110 senior teachers at elementary schools in two districts in East Java, Indonesia, specifically Blitar and Mojokerto. The approach used was the survey method. The sampling used was multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques. The results showed that the variable implementation of school principal supervision, achievement of graduate competency standards had a negative correlation to the effectiveness of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The competency standards of graduates that should be used as a reference for the development of process standards, educational assessment standards, standards for educators and education personnel, standards for facilities and infrastructure, management standards, and financing standards were temporarily diminished by teachers and schools during the pandemic. The variable of parental participation has a positive effect on the effectiveness of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.