Supersonic separation technology for carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide removal from natural gas

Abstract

Abstract A cleaner approach was proposed for removing CO2 and H2S from highly acid natural gas by supersonic separation technology. For this purpose, different structures of Laval nozzles and supersonic swirling separation devices were designed. The mathematical models of gas flow in the nozzle were established, and the supersonic flow characteristics of CH4–H2S–CO2 ternary mixture were accurately predicted by adding the real gas state equation and the transport equation to describe the rotational and irrotational flow field. The effects of nozzle structure, swirl angle of static vanes and inlet parameters on the refrigeration performance of the nozzle and the separation characteristics of the swirl device were systematically investigated. The results show that the average temperature at the nozzle outlet can be as low as 135.2 K under the condition of inlet temperature 293.15 K, inlet pressure 4 MPa and 20 mol % acid gas. It indicates that the refrigeration effect produced by high speed expansion of acid natural gas in the supersonic nozzle can provide a favorable liquefying environment for the acid components, which confirms the feasibility of capturing acid components by supersonic separation device. Better refrigeration performance can be achieved in the nozzle with higher outlet Mach number, but the pressure recovery capacity of the device will be suppressed accordingly. As swirl angle increases from 73.90° to 81.79°, the maximum tangential velocity in the nozzle rises from 119.6 m/s to 212.5 m/s, the separation performance of the swirl device increases, while the pressure and temperature at the same location decrease slightly. However, the increase of swirl intensity will restrict the flow capacity of the separator. For the given supersonic swirling separation device, it shows a good adaptability in separation performance when changing the inlet parameters.