Abstract
Recent reports have revealed the rich long-lived Mossbauer phenomenon of 93mNb, in which it has long been speculated that the delocalized 93mNb undergoes Bose-Einstein condensation following an increase in the 93mNb density beyond the threshold of 1012 cm−3 at room temperature. We now report on the superradiant Rayleigh of the M4 γ at 662 keV scattered into end-fire modes along the long axis of the sample, as evidence of Bose-Einstein condensation. We observed the Arago (Poisson’s) spot in order to demonstrate a near-field γ-ray diffraction from a mm-sized γ source, as well as a γ interference beyond the Huygens-Fresnel principle. During the 107-day monitoring period, seven Sisyphus cycles of mode hopping appeared in the superradiance, which demonstrates the optomechanic bistabilty provided by the collective interaction between the spinor quantum fluid and the impinging γs. Condensate-light interaction produces a pm matter-wave grating to become a Fabry-Pérot resonator with a Q-factor on the order of 1020, from which end-fired γs lase.
Highlights
Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) [1,2] is among the most spectacular of the quantum phenomena to have been discovered over the last century
It is well known that eV-energy γ can undergo BEC at the relatively high temperature of 4 K [5,6], when the massless γ acquires a small mass in the quantum well to become an exciton-polariton
We recently reported superradiant Nb K-lines along a long sample axis for an active sample from cold and ultracold atoms [19,20] and, in particular, the atomic condensate in a high-finesse having a geometry of 1 mm × 1.5 cm × 3 cm [9]
Summary
Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) [1,2] is among the most spectacular of the quantum phenomena to have been discovered over the last century. Micro-particles condense into one state generating a unique macroscopic feature, as defined by the off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) [3,4]. The whole condensate gives a global response to an external drive, rather than being merely a superposition of random micro-activities. It is well known that eV-energy γ can undergo BEC at the relatively high temperature of 4 K [5,6], when the massless γ acquires a small mass in the quantum well to become an exciton-polariton. Room-temperature BEC occurs [7] when the Mossbauer keV γ of an eV mass exceeds a threshold density of 1012 cm−3. This work applies ORLRO scattering of impinging γ rays to prove the room-temperature BEC of delocalized 93m Nb γ excitations
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