Superradiance and the statistical-mechanical entropy of rotating BTZ black holes

Abstract

We have considered the divergence structure in the brick-wall model for the statistical mechanical entropy of a quantum field in thermal equilibrium with a black hole which rotates. Especially, the contribution to entropy from superradiant modes is carefully incorporated, leading to a result for this contribution which corrects some previous errors in the literature. It turns out that the previous errors were due to an incorrect quantization of the superradiant modes. Some of main results for the case of rotating BTZ black holes are that the entropy contribution from superradiant modes is positive rather than negative and also has a leading order divergence as that from nonsuperradiant modes. The total entropy, however, can still be identified with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the rotating black hole by introducing a universal brick-wall cutoff. Our correct treatment of superradiant modes in the “angular-momentum modified canonical ensemble” also removes unnecessary introductions of regulating cutoff numbers as well as ill-defined expressions in the literature.